Recycling Iron & Steel

Recycling ferrous metals, such as scrap iron and steel, can save up to 75 percent of the energy needed to make products from raw materials.

Everything you need to know about recycling iron and steel

Learn more about recycling iron and steel

How to recycle iron and steel

Ferrous metals are metals that contain iron, including wrought iron, cast iron, steel and stainless steel. Common sources include old cars, household appliances, steel beams, railroad tracks, ships, food tins, bottle tops, paint cans and aerosols.

  • Many scrap metal companies offer a combination of drop-off, pick-up and on-site collection bin services for ferrous scrap metal like iron and steel. Some on-site bin and collection services may incur a fee.
  • Some companies will offer payment for your scrap metal, and some may even offer to collect the metal from your workplace for free.
  • Use the directory on this page to find a recycler near you.

Why recycle?

Recycling ferrous metals such as iron and steel has many financial and environmental benefits. It diverts them from landfill, reduces the need to extract and manufacture raw materials and contributes to significant savings in greenhouse gas emissions. Recycling steel, for example, uses 75% less energy than making steel from raw materials. All types of steel are 100% recyclable and can be recycled infinitely.

Recycling one tonne of steel:

  • Reduces 400 kilograms of greenhouse gases (CO2e).
  • Reduces energy use to the equivalent of 4.4 houses for a whole month.
  • Prevents around 18 wheelie bins of steel from going to landfill.


Sources
Data for timber pallets/packaging (Commercial & Industrial and Construction & Demolition recycling only) contained in Table 4 (p.14) Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW (2010) Environmental Benefits of Recycling, DECCW, Sydney South.
 
“Everyday” cumulative energy demand savings expressed as average household monthly electricity requirements (500 kWh). 7.94 GJ LHV (2,207kWh). 1GJ LHV = 278kWh (GJ LHV = Giga-joules of fossil energy (low heating value); kWh = Kilowatt hour)


 What happens to it?

Many recycling facilities accept both ferrous and non-ferrous scrap (i.e. metals that do and do not contain iron). The scrap is fed into large shredders or crushers which break the scrap into smaller pieces. Ferrous scrap is separated from non-ferrous scrap and other materials using magnetic separators.

Steel is an alloy of iron, plus a variety of other ingredients such as coke, limestone, manganese, aluminium and nickel, depending on the alloy's use. Pieces of steel scrap are chemically analysed to determine their alloy composition and sorted by type.

Scraps are then melted down for reuse in the production of new iron and steel products.
 

Recycling other metals

Find recycling service for common scrap metals. 

Aluminium scrap

Aluminium is a valuable resource which can be recycled infinitely with no reduction in quality.  

Find out more

Copper

Copper can be recycled infinitely as it does not degrade when processed. Recycling scrap copper can reduce emissions and energy output compared to production from virgin materials.

Find out more

Corrugated iron

Corrugated iron is now made from steel, which is one of the worlds most recycled metals.

Find out more

Lead

Lead is classified as a hazardous waste and is highly toxic to most species. Lead can be effectively recycled for reuse in new lead based products, diverting it from landfill and using less energy than refining primary ore.

Find out more


Mercury

Mercury can be a potent neurotoxin which can affect human and animal health. When products that contain mercury are sent to landfill, they can contaminate the groundwater and release toxic compounds. Instead, we should recover mercury for use in new products.

Find out more

 

Frequently Asked Questions

Is metal recyclable?

As metals are a non-renewable resource (i.e. we cannot make new metals so there is a finite amount on the planet), and the mining and manufacturing of metals has a high energy demand and may cause environmental degradation, it is important to recycle metal products, where possible.

Most metals can be recycled, provided the right infrastructure is in place. This includes both ferrous and non-ferrous metals (i.e. metals that do and do not contain iron). Many other metals can be recycled via a scrap metal recycler – use the search bar on this page to find a recycler near you.

How is metal recycled?

Whether you recycle steel and aluminium cans via your household recycling bin or drop other metal items off to a scrap metal recycler, the first step in the metal recycling process is sorting. Metals are generally sorted via magnets but may also be sorted by hand. Next, the metal is generally shredded before being melted in a furnace – the type of metal determines the temperature required for melting. The metal is then purified to remove contaminants, before cooling into a solid form (such as bars or sheets) for use in new products.

Recycled metal has many uses, some examples include airplanes, cars, door and window frames, bikes, sinks and bathtubs, electronic appliances and food and beverage packaging.

Can rusted metal be recycled?

Iron and metals that contain iron (including all types of steel) are prone to rust. Rust is caused by long-term exposure to oxygen and water.

Luckily, most scrap metal recyclers should be happy to accept your rusted metal, as the rust can be removed during the recycling process. Always call the recycler in advance to check before dropping it off.

Where does metal come from?

Metals are naturally occurring elements found in ore (a type of rock containing minerals). Ore is a non-renewable resource, which means there is a finite amount of ore on the planet as it is estimated to take millions of years to form. Ore containing metal is created via a number of processes, including volcanic activity and erosion. Many meteorites also contain ore.

Different types of ore contain particular minerals and metals. For example, aluminium is found in the ore called bauxite.

The mining of metals is often complex and quite destructive to the environment. Once extracted from the earth, the ore containing metals is crushed by heavy machinery. The metal is then separated from the crushed rock via heat, chemicals and/or electricity.

What are metals?

Metals are naturally occurring elements found in minerals within rocks – these rocks are called ore. Some familiar examples of metals include gold, silver, copper, lead and iron. Many metals are good conductors of electricity and heat. They’re also often strong and tough and can be easily shaped and moulded without breaking.

We are heavily reliant on metals, as they are used in many industries and products, including steel, medicines, vehicles, and food and beverage packaging. The mining of metals is often complex and quite destructive to the environment. It is, therefore, important to recycle metals to ensure the resources are continuously used, which reduces demand to mine new metals from the earth.

What are ferrous metals?

Ferrous metals are those with a high iron content, including iron (obviously) and all types of steel.

What are non-ferrous metals?

Non-ferrous metals are those which do not contain iron (metals that are not primarily related to steel making). Examples include aluminium, copper, lead, magnesium, nickel, tin and zinc.

What are rare earth metals?

Rare earth metals are those which are difficult to extract from the earth. Despite their name, they’re not exactly rare. However, they’re not often found in concentrations high enough to make their mining and extraction financially viable. There are 17 metals within this category including scandium, yttrium and lanthanum.

Although not extracted in large amounts, rare earth metals are used to make things like glass and ceramics. They’re also essential for many new technologies, including lasers, smart phones, computers, LCD screens, LED lights, MRI technology and clean energy technology (including magnets for wind turbines and lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles).

Can rare earth metals be recycled?

Rare earth metals are found in a number of important technologies, including smart phones, computers, LCD screens, LED lights, MRI technology and clean energy technology (including magnets for wind turbines and lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles).

Mining, extracting and manufacturing rare earth metals is costly (not just in terms of finance, but also in terms of time and the environmental impacts). However, due to the difficulty associated with recycling rare earth metals, currently, only a low percentage of these metals are recovered for reuse or recycling. Therefore, a lot of effort is being put into finding recycling solutions for these metals and designing products to be more easily remanufactured and/or recycled.

How many times can metal be recycled?

Most metals (both ferrous and non-ferrous) can be recycled over and over again, without losing quality.

How much metal is recycled?

According to the 2022 National Waste Report, in Australia, 87% of metals were recovered through reuse and recycling during 2020-21.

Although steel is the most recycled material in the world (90% of steel is recycled at end-of-life), generally, the recycling rates of metals are much lower than their potential for reuse. For example, in a study of 60 metals, less than 1/3 were found to have a recycling rate above 50%.

There are some metals which cannot be recycled, however, you’re unlikely to encounter them as a member of the public – these include radioactive metals like Uranium and Plutonium, and the highly toxic mercury.

 

Recycling Options

There are many scrap metal companies who offer a combination of drop-off, pick-up and on-site collection bin services for ferrous scrap. Some companies offer payment for your scrap and some may offer free pick-up and/or drop-off. Some on-site bin and collection services may incur a fee.



Stay in touch

By signing up for updates, you agree to our Privacy Policy



About Us
Media
National Recycling Week
Contact Us
DONATE



PRIVACY POLICY   DISCLAIMER
Copyright © 2025, Planet Ark